I have a had a number of
questions about Open BIM and the IFC file format. In this blog I want to try and explain a
little about IFC. As this is a blog it is only a brief overview of a huge
subject.
What is IFC
IFC is a file format that is independent
from any one BIM authoring program such as Revit, Aecosym, ArchiCAD, Tekla etc.
It stands for Industry Foundation classes.
The format is developed by a non profit organisation called BuildingSmart .
Without getting too technical.
It is an XML specification which is implemented by the software vendors into their
software. Some do it better than others which
we will talk about later.
What’s different about IFC then
other file exchange formats (dwg, Step etc). IFC exports both
- Geometry
- Information (Data behind the model)
An IFC file is a text file that describes all the graphics & data in themodel. If you export a file from your software you can open it in text editor and it will look similar to the screen shot below
- Don’t edit the IFC file in a text editor unless you really know what you are doing.There are different versions of IFC as shown below
- IFC4 (March 2013)
- ifcXML2x3 (June 2007)
- IFC2x3 (February 2006)
- ifcXML2 for IFC2x2 add1 (RC2)
- IFC2x2 Addendum 1 (July 2004)
- ifcXML2 for IFC2x2 (RC1)
- IFC 2x2
- IFC 2x Addendum 1
- ifcXML1 for IFC2x and IFC2x Addendum 1
- IFC 2x
- IFC 2.0
- IFC 1.5.1
- IFC 1.5
Why is IFC important
IFC is very important because a
BIM project cannot be done in one software. We need a way of exchanging graphics
& data from one software to another.
The information in a model is
often forgotten about but is essential to the success of the BIM process. It
may not be important for your clash detection but it is important to other members of the BIM team such as the
contractor, QS, FM manager and others.
Majority of BIM authoring software’s
support IFC. IFC is constantly under development and constantly improving so
you have to ensure you are using the latest update of your software’s IFC
importer/exporter.
For example if you are using
Revit you can download the latest version of IFC from the Autodesk apps
exchange store. https://apps.autodesk.com/en
This IFC export update also gives you an
alternative interface to the standard Revit IFC interface.
IFC is only as good as the software
that exports it and the software that imports it. What I mean by this is that IFC
is only a specification. Each software company will implement IFC differently
to suit the objects in their software. Some better then others.
For example in previous versions
of Revit, Wall profiles didn’t export very well. Autodesk have improved their
implementation of IFC over the last few versions and now the wall profiles export
correctly.
Don’t round trip your IFC
exports. Don’t export out of one program such as Revit and then import it back
into Revit again.
Every IFC exported object is given
an IfcGUID. This is a global unique identifier assigned to every object. This
IfcGUID will live with the object so each time it is exported the object will
always have the same IfcGUID unless you delete the object and redraw another
object in it’s same place.
How do I know if it is an export
or an import problem?
I often use a program called
XBim http://www.xbim.net/ XBim is an independent
IFC viewer. If it looks ok in XBim then it’s not an export problem it’s most
probably an import problem.
Conclusion
If you are using IFC on your
project ensure that the IFC guidelines are clearly laid out in the BIM
execution plan. Ensure everybody is using the same version.
You may encounter problems using IFC between
different programs. But there is nothing new about that. There has always been
issues going between different programs. When you encounter problems
exporting/importing find out where the problem is and address it by learning
more about IFC and find a workaround.
We will be running regular BIM courses
throughout Ireland & the UK throughout 2016. Please contact us at info@siscin.ie for further details
If you have any questions on anything in this
blog or any other blog please feel free to contact me at dan@siscin.ie.
Dan Deery is the managing director of Siscín. Dan has over 20
years in the construction industry and has been using BIM since the mid 90’s.
He also worked as a programmer for a CAD software company. Siscín specialise in BIM Consultancy. Training,visualisation
and animation for the Infrastructure, Engineering, Construction, Facilities and
Architectural industries. Check out our Website www.siscin.ie